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The province of Guanacaste, named for the national tree of Costa Rica, is located on the northwestern Pacific coast of Costa Rica. It is the most sparsely populated of all the provinces of Costa Rica. The province covers an area of 3,915 sq. miles and has a population of just over 265,000. Guanacaste's capital is Liberia. Other important cities include Cañas and Nicoya.
Guanacaste has an economic and cultural heritage based on beef cattle ranching. Most of the area is covered by small patches of forest, scattered trees and large pastures of coarse grasses where Brahma cattle and related breeds graze. Historically, the main source of income of Guanacaste was cattle ranching; however, as cattle ranching has seen a recent decline due to an international drop in the demand for beef, many pastures are naturally reverting back to dry forest or are being converted to tree plantations. The other agricultural products are sugar cane and cotton, and since the late 1980s, with the creation of a large-scale irrigation program, rice has become a prominent crop. Aside from the many cattle ranches, Guanacaste features semi-active volcanoes, lakes and one of the last tropical dry forests in Central America. The Guanacaste region also boasts some of the country’s most popular beaches, fascinating national parks, golf courses, world-class blue water sport-fishing and world-renowned hotels. Visitors to the region can take surf lessons and enjoy an active nightlife in the regional hub of Tamarindo, embark on a challenging volcano hike and explore refreshing waterfalls at Rincon de la Vieja National Park or enjoy a day of relaxation and reading on the glamorous Playa Conchal. Visitors to Guanacaste also have access to scuba diving, snorkeling trips, beach cruises, water skiing, jet skiing, catamarans, ocean and river kayaking, wind surfing, sailing cruises and horseback riding.
Today tourism has emerged as the new and fast-growing enterprise in the local economy. The combination of beautiful beaches and the sun-drenched dry season that coincides with the winter months in northern latitudes have made tourism the most lucrative industry. Tourists are also attracted by the abundance of natural beauty. The Province has no less than seven national parks like Santa Rosa, Guanacaste and Rincon de la Vieja National Park.
Guanacaste province features diverse geographical characteristics. Separating the sandy coastal land from mountainous terrain along Guanacaste's border, the Tempisque River flows from north to south and bisects the province. In the Guanacaste Mountains to the east, a range of jagged peaks and volcanoes span 70 miles northwest to southeast. These mountains are home to a collection of stunning national parks. The Tilaran Mountains enclose Guanacaste along the southeast. Beginning at the south end of Lake Arenal, the Tilaran Mountains extend toward the Pacific coast, leaving only a small bottleneck of coastal lowland. At this bottleneck, the Inter-American Highway runs north of Puntarenas and into Guanacaste providing seamless travel to most of Guanacaste's attractions. Side roads from the Inter-American enable exploration of the tropical forest as it ascends into surrounding highlands. The forest gives refuge to exotic flora and fauna including an abundance of monkeys, sloths, iguanas, and toucans.
Guanacaste's largest town, Liberia, serves as the regional economic and administrative capital. Home to the nation's second international airport, Daniel Oduber International Airport, Liberia is a main access point for many incoming visitors from abroad. Due to its close proximity to the Pacific beaches and surrounding national parks, Liberia provides an ideal stopover point for visitors who want to experience every facet of the Guanacaste region.
You might enjoy reading this blog article about one of the many optional tours available in the Guanacaste region: My Favorite Day in Costa Rica’s Guanacaste Region
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