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Costa Rica - Government 101

Costa Rica - Government 101

Just a few interesting facts about Costa Rica’s government – always good to know before you go! Costa Rica became a democratic republic upon adoption of its Constitution in 1949. Costa Rica's president serves as the nation's chief executive and as the head of state, whom Costa Ricans elect to a four-year term. The president of Costa Rica and the members of the Cabinet make up the Council of Government. The council conducts foreign affairs and enforces federal laws. It may also veto bills passed by the Legislative Assembly, Costa Rica's Legislature. AND some exciting recent news…in February 2010, Laura Chinchilla of the National Liberation Party won the Presidential election and is the first woman to be elected president of Costa Rica.

*NEW The Legislative Assembly has 57 deputies elected by the people to four-year terms. Up until 2003 when the ban was reversed for the office of the President, neither the president nor the deputies could be elected to two terms in a row. The Supreme Court of Justice, the nation's highest court, has 17 justices appointed by the legislature. The Supreme Court is divided into four chambers, one dealing with Constitutional Law, one dealing with Criminal Law and two dealing with Civil Law, Merchant Law and the like. The army was abolished in 1948, but military forces may be organized for national defense if necessary.

Costa Rica has seven provinces. The provinces are divided into 81 cantons (counties). Each province has a governor who is appointed by the president. A mayor elected by the people governs each canton. The cantons provide fire protection, sanitation, water, and other local services. All citizens 18 years or older may vote in national elections. The country has two major political parties, the National Liberation Party and the Social Christian Unity Party.

Costa Rica is an active member of the United Nations and the Organization of American States. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the United Nations University of Peace are based in Costa Rica. Costa Rica is also a member of many other international organizations related to human rights and democracy. The primary foreign policy objective of Costa Rica is to foster human rights and sustainable development as a way to secure stability and growth.

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